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Initially it was used the big TX-0 computer, made of transistors and equipped with screen of cathodic ray tube and light pen. Blinding light starts at 5000 lux (465 footcandles) direct view. First minicomputer, in fact the size of a very big wardrobe, but "mini" when compared to computers that occupied large rooms. Tournament 9ft - (Playfield: 50" X 100") This is the full size the game of Billiards was invented on. Billiards does not use racks while playing. Forty souls had wandered in off Liverpool's busy Derby Lane to watch Chris Shutt beat Rex Williams 1319-210 in the semi-finals whereas 20 times as many at least would have been attracted if the Strachan British Open swapped the name billiards for snooker. Snooker cues are about the same length as pool, though some have a slightly smaller tip. The cue is a tapered rod of polished wood or synthetic material, ranging in length from about 40 to 60 inches (100 to 150 cm). The shot clock will end when the cue tip strikes the cue ball to initiate a stroke or the when player’s time expires from the shot clock. This procedure will apply to all new Tournament Organisers. 46. A Sanctioned Tournament distinguishes itself from other tournaments with the prestige of being recognised by the WPA.

The computer connected as a peripheric unit will be treated as a dumb terminal, whether being really a dumb terminal or not. John Mc Carthy (Stanford University), presented the Lisp programming language and the Mc Carthy Test for measuring Artificial Intelligence (playing games, following conversation, receiving information or performing other activities through a terminal). 1963: creation of the Augmentation Research Center by Douglas Engelbart (Stanford Research Institute, Director of the Bootstrap Institute). October 1962: J. C. R. Licklider becomes the first Director of a DARPA computer project at the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Later directors of the project include Ivan Sutherland, Bob Taylor and Lawrence G. Roberts. Time sharing became definitely established in 1962. December 1958: flat transistor by Jean Hoerni (Fairchild Semiconductor, Palo Alto, High California). July 1958: system of time sharing is proposed at the Massachussetts Institute of Technology to substitute batch processing. It makes possible the insertion of elements to form an integrated circuit, as it had been proposed by G. W. A. Dummer in 1952. Integrated circuits gradually substituted printed circuits as main computer processors, although printed circuits remained in use for simpler purposes. 1952: proposal of an integrated circuit, by G. W. A. Dummer.

Integrated circuits only became a possibility when Jean Hoerni invented the flat transistor in December 1958. 1952: IBM 700, by International Business Machines, built of vacuum tubes. 1964: IBM 360 computer and OS/360 operating system, by International Business Machines. 1954: IBM 650, by International Business Machines. 1953: IBM 701, by International Business Machines. 1953: Speed Coding, by Seldon and John Backus (International Business Machines), second scientific programming language. 1958: first elementary but complete programme for playing chess against a computer, by Doctor A. L. Samuel (International Business Machines). Each ball pocketed on a legal called shot counts one point and the first player to reach the required score wins the match. This was hardly possible in 1952, when contact point transresistors or junction transistors were the only kinds of transistor available. 1954: junction transistor made of silicium (instead of germanium, which is much more expensive), by Gordon Teal (Texas Instruments). 1959: integrated circuit with base of silicium and chemical gravure, by Robert Noyce (Fairchild Semiconductor), based on the flat transistor of Jean Hoerni and on the P-N Multiple Semiconductor Junction of Kurt Lehovec. 1961-1962: Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor start separately the serial production of integrated circuits of silicium (shortly later called chips), to substitute printed circuits in arithmetic logical units.

1958-1959: integrated circuit with base of germanium, by Jack Saint Clair Kilby (Texas Instruments). 1964: first computer with main processor entirely built as integrated circuit (of little over ten elements per square centimetre). Made possible by the flat transistor recently invented by Jean Hoerni, the integrated circuit of Mister Kilby had about five elements, that could be resistances, condensers, or also transistors. In relation to the timing of an application for sanctioning for Championships or Tournaments due to commence before 1 July 2026, the time requirements shall be dealt with by the WPA on a case by case basis, but applications should be made as soon as possible. 1961: field effect transistor by Steven Hofstein, that made possible the development of MOS transistor (Metallic Oxid Semiconductor) by R. C. A. July 1961: essay on the theory of packet interchange for computer networks, by Leonard Kleinrock (Massachussets Institute of Technology). It introduced bytes of 8 bits allowing up to 256 characters EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), which replaced bytes of 6 bits that allowed up to 64 characters BCD or BCI (these ones had themselves replaced bytes of 4 bits, which allowed only 16 characters). When a foul is committed, the opposing player is awarded ball in hand, allowing them to place the cue ball anywhere on the table for their next shot.

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