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Radioactive iodine treatment is a common medical process used to kill cancer tissues in the thyroid gland. The treatment works by targeting tissues that absorb iodine and emitting radiation to destroy them. This approach is effective because the thyroid gland relies heavily on iodine to produce chemicals.

The science behind radioactive iodine treatment is based on the thyroid gland's natural process of absorbing iodine from the circulation. The gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and health. To deliver radioactive iodine to the thyroid gland, patients are given a small dose of radioactive iodine orally or via intravenous delivery. The radioactive iodine is absorbed into the bloodstream and is then carried to the thyroid gland, where it is concentrated in the gland's tissues.

Once inside the thyroid cells, the radioactive iodine emits radiation that destroys the tissues. The radiation is highly effective against cancer cells in the thyroid, targeting them specifically without harming surrounding healthy cells. The radiation also has a short duration, ensuring that it doesn't damage adjacent cells or affect other parts of the body.

The effectiveness of radioactive iodine treatment depends on several factors, including the type and тиреотоксикоз stage of thyroid disease, the size and location of the growth, and the patient's overall health. In some cases, the treatment may be used in conjunction with other therapies, such as surgery or radiation therapy.

The radiation emitted by radioactive iodine is highly specific, targeting only the cells that absorb iodine. This is because iodine is selectively taken up by the thyroid gland through a process called iodide uptake. The thyroid gland has a high concentration of sodium-iodide symporters, which are proteins that help transport iodine into the tissues. Radioactive iodine is designed to mimic the natural iodine, making it easy for the thyroid gland to take it up and capture it.

In addition to destroying cancer tissues, radioactive iodine treatment also helps to reduce the risk of cancer relapse by removing any remaining cancer cells in the thyroid gland. The therapy is usually given in a single administration, and the effects can be seen in a matter of days to weeks after the treatment.

While radioactive iodine treatment is a highly effective treatment, it is not without side effects. Complications can include changes in thyroid health, decreased blood cell count, and inflammation of the thyroid gland. In some cases, patients may experience more serious complications, such as damage to surrounding cells or increased risk of radiation leakage to others.

However, the benefits of radioactive iodine treatment far outweigh the risks for many patients. With proper medical supervision and evaluation, the side effects can be minimized, and the therapy can be highly effective in killing cancer cells and reducing the risk of recurrence.